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1993-07-26
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CALLING IT HOME
"In breeding season loons love the solitude of northern lakes where
shores are shaded by fir and spruce and where the still pure water
seldom mirrors a human face." -Edward H. Forbush, 1939
Loons are homebodies. It's one of the things people like best about
loons: they can count on seeing their loon in their bay. While loons
summer within a restricted territory of perhaps a hundred acres or
less, they have for about six weeks in late spring an even sharper
focusmthe nest site. Except for occasional fishing trips by the non-
incubating member of the pair, life during the nesting season
revolves around a very small piece of ground and water.
The Nest Site
It's not difficult to find loon nests if one starts looking on islands.
Of fifty-four nests in one Minnesota study area, fifty were on islands.
Similar island preference has been documented in both New
Hampshire and Alaska, where seventy percent of all loon nests were
found on islands. Loon islands are usually small and have low-lying
vegetation and generally loons select the side of the island protected
from the prevailing winds.
The common denominator in nest site selection is proximity to
water. Nearly all loon nests are right on the shore's edge. In New
Hampshire, Scott Sutcliffe estimated the average distance from nest
to lake at sixteen inches. Exactly how far the nest is from water
varies, unfortunately, with the lake's water level. A loon pair might
start the incubation period with their nest a convenient six inches
from water but find their site landlocked if the lake level drops, or
flooded if the level rises. One New Hampshire loon pair found their
nest eighty-eight feet from water after the lake level dropped.
Traveling that distance over land or mud is no small task for birds so
poorly adapted for locomotion on land. This loon pair successfully
hatched two eggs but, according to a local observer, lost both chicks
to a hawk on the long journey from the nest to water. Typically,
loons will abandon their nest when dropping lake levels create such
conditions, especially if the vertical distance up to the nest has
changed dramatically. While loons can push themselves across mud
flats, they have great difficulty climbing over obstacles such as
exposed rocks or large logs. Problems associated with lake levels are
particularly acute on reservoirs where hydroelectric dams raise and
lower water levels to meet electric generation demands.
*****